IPA
India pale ale (IPA) is a hoppy beer style within the broader category of pale ale.[1][2]
The style of pale ale which became known as India pale ale was widespread in England in 1815,[3] and would grow in popularity, notably as an export beer shipped to India (which was under the control of the British East India Company until 1858) and elsewhere.[1][2][4][5]
The pale ales of the early 18th century were lightly hopped and quite different from today's pale ales.[6] By the mid-18th century, pale ale was brewed mostly with coke-fired malt, which produced less smoking and roasting of barley in the malting process, and hence produced a paler beer.[7][8] One such variety of beer was October beer, a pale well-hopped brew popular among the landed gentry, who brewed it domestically; once brewed it was intended to cellar two years.[9]
Among the first brewers known to export beer to India was George Hodgson's Bow Brewery,[10] on the Middlesex-Essex boundary. Its beers became popular among East India Company traders' provisions in the late 18th century for being two miles up the Lea from the East India Docks,[a] and Hodgson's liberal credit line of 18 months. Ships exported this beer to India, among them his October beer, which benefited exceptionally from conditions of the voyage and was highly regarded among its consumers in India.[12] The brewery came into the control of Hodgson's son early in the next century,[b]